Advantages of Diamond Single Crystal

In terms of mechanical properties:

Ultra high hardness and wear resistance: Diamond single crystal is currently known as the hardest substance in nature, with a hardness much higher than other materials, with a Mohs hardness of up to 10 and a microhardness of up to 10000HV. This enables it to easily handle various hard materials such as metals, ceramics, composite materials, etc. during cutting, grinding, and drilling processes, with minimal wear and extremely long tool or tool life.

Good toughness and impact resistance: Although diamond single crystal has high hardness, it is not extremely brittle. To a certain extent, it has good toughness and impact resistance, and can withstand certain external impacts without easily breaking. In some machining situations that require significant cutting or impact forces, such as high-speed cutting, deep hole machining, etc., it can also maintain good stability.

In terms of thermal performance:

High thermal conductivity: Diamond single crystals have extremely high thermal conductivity, up to 2200W/(m · K), which is 7.5 times that of AlN and 4.5 times that of SiC. They can quickly conduct heat out, making them widely used in fields such as heat dissipation, refrigeration, and electronic devices that require high thermal conductivity.

Low thermal expansion coefficient: The thermal expansion coefficient is small, and its volume and shape change very little when the temperature changes. In complex processing environments such as high temperature and high pressure, it can maintain shape stability and is not easily deformed, cracked or damaged due to thermal expansion and contraction.

In terms of optical performance:

Wide spectral transmittance: It has the widest transmittance spectrum, from 225nm in ultraviolet to 25 μ m in infrared (excluding wavelengths of 1.8 μ m-2.5 μ m), as well as excellent transmittance in the microwave range, with a theoretical transmittance of up to 71.6%. Therefore, it has important application value in the field of optical component manufacturing, such as laser windows, lenses, prisms, etc.

High optical quality: High quality single crystal diamond prepared by CVD method can be completely colorless and transparent, with almost no impurities. When light propagates in it, it is not affected by structural irregularities, which can achieve higher optical gain and power density, providing opportunities for the development of high-power lasers.

In terms of electrical performance:

High insulation and low dielectric constant: Pure diamond is an excellent electrical insulator, characterized by high insulation and low dielectric constant, and can be used as an insulation layer or dielectric material in electronic devices.

Doping modification: By doping trace impurity elements such as boron, the conductivity of diamond can be improved, achieving p-type and n-type conductivity, providing a foundation for the preparation of diamond semiconductor devices and having great potential for development in the semiconductor field.

In terms of chemical stability:
At room temperature, diamond single crystals exhibit strong stability against chemical reagents such as acids, bases, and salts, and are not easily reacted with other substances. They have good chemical inertness and can be used in some harsh chemical environments.

In terms of processing performance:

Precision machining capability: The cutting edge of single crystal diamond can achieve atomic level flatness and sharpness. During cutting, the perfect state of the cutting edge can be directly replicated on the workpiece, producing a highly smooth mirror surface and ensuring extremely high dimensional accuracy. It is suitable for ultra-thin cutting and ultra precision machining.

Low friction coefficient: The friction coefficient between the material being processed is low, resulting in minimal deformation during machining. This can reduce cutting forces, lower energy consumption during the machining process, and also improve machining accuracy and surface quality.